Temporal Adoption of Climate-Resilient Livestock in Eastern Africa

Rapid population growth and climate-related stressors continue to pressure food production systems across Eastern Africa. Consequently, the adoption of climate-resilient livestock breeds has become an important strategy for enhancing productivity and adaptation. This article examined trends in the adoption of climate-resilient livestock breeds in Eastern Africa from 1990 to 2020 using a quantitative desk review. Secondary panel data on four widely promoted breeds were compiled from the International Livestock Research Institute (ILRI), FAOSTAT, national statistical bureaus, World Bank assessments, CGIAR publications, and peer-reviewed literature. Results show a sustained increase in the uptake of improved livestock breeds throughout the study period. Crossbred dairy cattle recorded the highest adoption rates, reaching 68.3% in Rwanda, 62.1% in Kenya, and 55.4% in Uganda. Sahiwal cattle adoption reached 58.4% in Kenya, while Galla goat adoption increased steadily, led by Kenya at 55.3%. Red Maasai and Dorper sheep registered comparatively lower adoption levels. Overall adoption increased from 3.4-8.1% in 1990 to 25.3-50.3% in 2020, with Rwanda and Kenya recording the highest rates. These findings highlight progress in livestock adaptation while revealing disparities linked to infrastructure, policy support, extension services, and access to improved genetics.